ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠰᠤ
ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ
ᠢᠯᠡ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ
ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ
ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ
ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡ
ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ
ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤᠴᠤᠤᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠶᠢᠮᠤ
ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ᠄
2017/8/8
ᠫᠦ᠊ · ᠪᠠᠽᠠᠷᠳᠢᠪᠢ         ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠶᠢᠮᠤ                                                 ︵1734 — 1945︶ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠣᠳᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠮᠥᠨ᠃ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠥᠪᠥᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠯᠥᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠷ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠷᠢᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠦᠷᠰᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ᠂ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠯᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠦᠮᠡ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠲᠡᠭᠰᠢ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠯᠵᠢᠨ ᠺᠢᠯᠤᠮᠧᠲᠷ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠬᠡᠷ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯᠴᠤᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠴᠣᠯᠣ ᠮᠠᠯᠵᠢᠬᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠥᠩᠭᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠨ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠥᠨᠳᠡᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠣᠰᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠤᠯᠲᠡ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯᠲᠠᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠠ ᠣᠪᠣᠭ᠂ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠠᠮᠠ᠂ ᠱᠠᠰᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠯᠭᠡ᠂ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠦᠢᠯᠡ᠂ ᠰᠤᠷᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠵᠢᠯ᠂ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠠᠵᠤ ᠠᠬᠤᠢ᠂ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠰ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ︽ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠣᠶᠢᠮᠤᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠨᠢᠯᠴᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠶ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠡᠭᠦᠰᠦᠯᠲᠡ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠩᠬᠡ ᠠᠮᠤᠭᠤᠯᠠᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ︵1683 ᠣᠨ︶ ᠳᠤ ᠨᠢᠩᠭᠦᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠶᠢᠷᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠰᠡᠪᠡᠰᠦ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠢ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠴᠠᠭ  ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠥᠷᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤᠬᠢ ᠦᠳᠢ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ᠂ ᠨᠣᠣᠰᠧ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠳ ᠵᠣᠨ ᠠᠶᠤᠨ ᠰᠣᠴᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠥᠪᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠰᠠᠨᠠᠯ ᠥᠯᠥ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠲᠤᠷ ᠣᠷᠣᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠷ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠠᠯᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠵᠦ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠯᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤᠷ ᠣᠳᠣᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ᠂ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ            ︵1731︶ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠥᠯᠥ ᠲᠣᠬᠢᠷᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠰᠠᠳᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠷᠥᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠵᠦᠭ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠰ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠰᠤᠭᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠬᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠡᠭᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠯᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠬᠢᠯᠳᠢ ︵ᠰᠢᠯᠳᠢ︶ ᠶᠢ ᠴᠠᠭᠠᠵᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠠᠪᠠᠴᠢᠵᠤ᠂ ᠳ᠋ᠠᠷᠢ᠂ ᠤᠷᠭᠤᠮᠠᠯ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠷᠦᠭᠦᠴᠦᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠲᠦᠷᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ  ᠨᠤᠭᠤᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠪᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠤᠷᠴᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ᠂ ᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠢ ᠭᠤᠪᠴᠢᠭᠤᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠨᠳᠦ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭᠠᠰᠤ ᠤᠯᠠᠮ ᠬᠡᠴᠡᠭᠦᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠲᠡᠰᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ︵1733︶ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶᠢᠰᠡ ᠵᠠᠩᠴᠢᠪᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠬᠤ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠴᠡᠷᠡᠩ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ ᠵᠤᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠵᠦ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠲᠠᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠣᠰᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠳᠤᠷ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠨ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠳ ᠵᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ︵1733︶ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠰᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠢ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠬᠤ ᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭ ᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡᠨ ︽᠁ ᠪᠣᠭᠳᠠ ᠡᠵᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠶᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠬᠥᠯᠥᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠷ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠩ ᠬᠥᠷᠦᠭᠡᠰᠦ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭ᠂ ᠪᠡᠯᠴᠢᠭᠡᠷ ᠤᠰᠤ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠂ ᠲᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤᠷ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠵᠦ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠦᠷᠡᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠪᠠᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠡᠭᠦᠷᠢᠳᠡ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠠᠯ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠠᠮᠢᠳᠤᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠲᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠪᠡ ᠁︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠥᠯᠥᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠷ  ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠳᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠲᠡᠶᠢᠨᠬᠦ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠨ ︵1734︶ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠡᠴᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠴᠢᠪᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠴᠡᠷᠡᠩ᠂ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠯᠤᠭᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ ᠬᠥᠯᠥᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠣᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠣᠶᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠯᠠᠩᠭᠤᠳ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠡᠭᠡᠨ ︽᠁ ᠵᠠᠷᠢᠮ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠭ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠠᠯᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠮᠦᠢ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠦᠨᠡᠬᠡᠷ ᠠᠳᠡᠭᠦᠷᠡᠵᠦᠬᠦᠢ᠃ ᠲᠡᠷᠡ ᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠲᠤᠭᠠᠢ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬ᠎ᠠ ︵ᠬᠥᠯᠥᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠷ ᠲᠤ︶ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠠᠩᠰᠠ ᠬᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠪᠠᠰᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠵᠣᠬᠢᠶᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠪᠢᠴᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠣᠭᠲᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠥᠯᠥᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠨ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠰᠣᠯᠣᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠢᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠠ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠵᠤᠭᠤ᠃ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ᠂ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠬᠢᠴᠡ᠂ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯᠲᠠᠳ⒈ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ ᠢ ᠬᠥᠯᠥᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠵᠦ ᠢᠷᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠢ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠳ ᠵᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠠᠷ᠂ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ᠂ ᠳᠥᠴᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠥᠯᠥᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠶᠢᠷᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠤᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠠᠩᠬᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠ ᠃ ᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ᠂ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ᠂ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢ᠂ ᠣᠷᠤᠯᠠᠨ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠭᠡᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠣᠬᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠬᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ︵1742︶ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠦᠷᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢᠭᠡ ᠨᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠢ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠦᠷᠢᠮ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ 1934 ᠣᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠦᠷᠭᠦᠯᠵᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠬᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠳᠣᠯᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ︵1752︶ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠤᠰᠤᠯᠠᠯ  ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠴᠢᠳᠬᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠡᠳ᠋ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠤᠮᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢ  ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠬᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ︵1767︶ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠳᠡᠭ ᠣᠯᠭᠤᠪᠠ᠃ 1932 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠥᠯᠥᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠷ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠠᠯᠬᠢᠭᠳᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠪᠠ᠃ 1934 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨᠴᠤᠳ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠥᠭᠡᠷᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ᠂ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠰᠠᠳᠬᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠤᠮᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠬᠡᠪ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠯᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠨᠢ 1945 ᠣᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠮᠠᠭ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠩᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ 1945 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠹᠠᠱᠢᠰ ᠢ ᠬᠥᠭᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠭᠤᠯᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠬᠥᠯᠥᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠥᠪᠡᠷᠲᠡᠭᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠤᠵᠢ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠬᠢᠷᠤᠭᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃⒉ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠬᠢᠴᠡ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠬᠢᠴᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠭᠠᠳᠠᠭᠰᠢ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠬ᠎ᠠ  ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠵᠤ᠂ ᠲᠤᠲᠤᠭᠠᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠴᠤ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠦᠷᠢᠮ ᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠴᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠬᠤᠣᠰ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠴᠦ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠳᠠᠭ᠃⑴ ᠬᠠᠯᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠬᠢᠴᠡ ᠬᠠᠯᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠯᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠢ ᠬᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ᠰᠡᠷᠭᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠪ  ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠨ ︵1734︶ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠬᠢᠮ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠳ ᠵᠠᠭᠳᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠶᠢᠯᠠᠳᠬᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠯᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠪᠴᠠᠭᠠᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠷᠤᠯᠲᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠪᠦᠷᠭᠡᠷ᠂ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠬᠠᠶᠢᠲᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠲᠤ᠂ ᠶᠢᠨᠴᠢᠨ᠂ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭ᠂ ᠮᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠲᠤ᠂ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠳᠳᠤᠭ᠂ ᠪᠤᠯᠤᠩ ᠳᠡᠷᠡᠰᠦ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠨᠢᠭᠡᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠴᠡ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠴᠡᠷᠢᠭ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠭ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠯᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠬᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ︵1740︶ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠠᠯᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠰᠠᠩᠵᠠᠶᠢᠳᠤᠷᠵᠢ ︵ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ︶ ᠮᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠲᠤ᠂ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠤᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠮᠦ᠋ᠷᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠩᠵᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠩ ᠱᠸᠦ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠣᠭᠲᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠬᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠲᠥᠷᠥ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ︵1845︶ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠮᠢᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷᠳᠤᠷᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠱᠠᠭᠳᠠᠷᠵᠠᠪ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠤᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠪᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠮᠦ᠋ᠷᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠩ ᠵᠠᠩᠵᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠣᠭᠲᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠦ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠲᠠᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠳᠢᠨᠴᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠪᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠪᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠲᠤ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠢ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠮᠳᠢᠨᠴᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ︵ᠵᠠᠩᠵᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ︶ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠥᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠵᠤ ᠁ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠮᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠨᠡᠩ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠩᠬᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠥᠷᠥ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ︵1846︶ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ︵1849︶ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠮᠲᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭ᠂ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠪᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ 1921 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 7 ᠰᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 11 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠨᠢᠵᠤ᠂ 1924 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 11 ᠰᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 6 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ 1936 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ︽ᠭᠡᠷ ᠣᠪᠤᠭᠠᠨ︾ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠮᠲᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨᠴᠤᠳ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ 1939 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠣᠮᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨᠴᠤᠳ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠡᠨᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ 1939 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ     ︽ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠁ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠬᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠤᠭᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃⑵ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠴᠡ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ︵1734︶ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠷᠱᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠩᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠴᠡᠷᠡᠩ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ᠂ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠢᠷᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ︵1807︶ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠯᠥᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠣᠷᠱᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠨ ︵1864︶ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠠᠨᠢᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠤᠶᠤᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠤ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠦᠷᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠩᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠦᠮ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ 1936 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨᠴᠤᠳ ᠣᠷᠱᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠵᠣᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠣᠷᠱᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃ 1946 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠠᠮᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠣᠷᠱᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃⑶ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠴᠡ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬ᠎ᠠ 1910 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1932 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨᠴᠤᠳ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠰᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ  ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠣᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠪᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠰᠬᠠᠵᠤ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ  ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤᠯᠮᠠᠰᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠩ᠂ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ  ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠴᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃⑷ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠱᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ᠂ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ  ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠷ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ 18 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ  ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ᠂ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠥᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ 19 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨᠰᠢ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠢᠩᠭᠢᠵᠦ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠣᠨ ︵1824︶ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠪᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠰᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭᠲᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ︵1859︶ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠮ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠨᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ 19 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠰᠢᠪᠡ᠃ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠥ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ︵1897︶ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ︽ᠬᠥᠯᠥᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠶᠢᠷᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠣᠣᠷᠠᠭ︾ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭ ᠢ ︽ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠱᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠷ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ  ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠱᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨᠰᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠬᠠᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠥ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ︵1907︶ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ︽ᠰᠤ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠲ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠥᠯᠥᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠯᠳᠡᠪ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠬᠡᠮᠡᠯ︾ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠷ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠱᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃
  
ᠢᠷᠡᠯᠲᠡ᠄ ᠣᠤᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠤᠷᠠᠯᠢᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠯᠪᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ
 
 
ᠬᠠᠮᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠨ
  
ᠳᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠣᠳᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠬᠦᠯᠡᠬᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠦᠯᠦᠬᠡ ᠬᠢ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠯ ᠪᠣᠶᠣ ᠬᠦᠢᠳᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠣᠯᠣᠯᠳᠣᠭᠠᠨ
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ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤᠴᠤᠳ ︵ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ︶
2014-2015 ©  ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠩᠭᠡᠭᠠᠯ ᠰᠣᠹᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠲᠦ ᠺᠣᠮᠫᠠᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ 蒙ICP备05070829号