ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠰᠤ
ᠰᠣᠨᠢᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠡ
ᠢᠯᠡ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ
ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠦᠬᠡ
ᠦᠢᠯᠡᠴᠢᠯᠡᠭᠡ
ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠦᠳᠡᠭᠡ
ᠰᠣᠶᠣᠯ ᠡᠷᠳᠡᠨᠢ
ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤᠴᠤᠤᠨ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠡᠤᠬᠡᠨ ᠲᠤᠶᠢᠮᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠮᠵᠢ
ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠲᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠴᠠᠭ᠄
2017/9/11
 ᠲᠡᠭᠷᠢ ᠲᠡᠳᠬᠦᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ︵1740︶ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠠᠯᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠰᠠᠩᠵᠠᠶᠢᠳᠤᠷᠵᠢ ︵ᠵᠢᠶᠦ᠋ᠨ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠪᠦᠭᠡ︶ ᠮᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠲᠤ᠂ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠤᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠮᠦ᠋ᠷᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠩᠵᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠩ ᠱᠸᠦ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠣᠭᠲᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠭᠡᠵᠤ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠬᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠲᠥᠷᠥ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ︵1845︶ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠮᠢᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷᠳᠤᠷᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠲᠠᠶᠢᠵᠢ ᠱᠠᠭᠳᠠᠷᠵᠠᠪ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠤᠰᠤᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠪᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠢ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠮᠦ᠋ᠷᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠢᠩ ᠵᠠᠩᠵᠤᠨ ᠪᠡᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠠᠳ ᠨᠡᠭᠦᠯᠭᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤᠴᠢᠷ ᠣᠭᠲᠤ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠲᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠲᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠦ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠳᠤᠷᠠᠲᠠᠶ᠎ᠠ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭ ᠲᠠᠮᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠲᠤᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠬᠤᠳᠦ᠋ᠷᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠯᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠮᠳᠢᠨᠴᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠣᠪᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠪᠡ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠶᠠᠲᠤ ᠸᠠᠩ ᠢ ᠤᠷᠢᠳᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠦᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠨ ᠪᠤᠴᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠯᠳᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠳᠠᠮᠳᠢᠨᠴᠡᠷᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠢᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠠᠪᠤᠳᠠᠯ ᠢ ︵ᠵᠠᠩᠵᠤᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ︶ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠵᠥᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠵᠤ ᠁ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠵᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠷᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠮᠣᠳᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠰᠢᠶᠠᠲᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠡᠨᠡᠩ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠵᠢᠷᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠴᠦᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠤᠶᠢᠯᠠᠩᠬᠠᠢ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠠᠷᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠤᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠥᠷᠥ ᠭᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠭᠤᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ︵1846︶ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠠᠯᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠨᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠯᠴᠠᠨ ᠲᠡᠮᠡᠴᠡᠯᠳᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ︵1849︶ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠢᠳᠬᠡᠵᠦ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ᠂ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠮᠲᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭ᠂ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠵᠦ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠰᠢ ᠲᠠᠷᠪᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠪᠡ᠃ 1921 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 7 ᠰᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 11 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠨᠢᠵᠤ᠂ 1924 ᠣᠨ ᠤ 11 ᠰᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ 6 ᠤ ᠡᠳᠦᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠮᠳᠠᠬᠤ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠤᠭᠳᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠴᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ 1936 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ︽ᠭᠡᠷ ᠣᠪᠤᠭᠠᠨ︾ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠳᠤᠯᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠮᠲᠦ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠦᠢᠲᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭ᠂ ᠨᠠᠷᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭ ᠵᠡᠷᠭᠡ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨᠴᠤᠳ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ 1939 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠣᠮᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠵᠤ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨᠴᠤᠳ᠂ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠡᠨᠡᠩ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠩᠬᠢ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠢ ᠠᠯᠳᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ 1939 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠢᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠰᠬᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠨᠠᠮ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠬᠤᠷᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠯ ᠳᠤ     ︽ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠁ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠢ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠬᠡᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠷᠬᠡ ᠮᠡᠳᠡᠯ ᠳᠤ ᠡᠷᠭᠢᠭᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠠᠪᠴᠤ ᠥᠪᠡᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠯᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠤᠭᠤᠮ ᠢ ᠦᠨᠡᠨ ᠵᠥᠪ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠴᠢᠳᠠᠵᠠᠢ᠃︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠢᠮᠲᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃⑵ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠴᠡ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ︵1734︶ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠣᠷᠱᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠨ ᠠᠩᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠴᠡᠷᠡᠩ ᠢ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ᠂ ᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠲᠣᠮᠢᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃ ᠰᠠᠶᠢᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠢᠷᠦᠭᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ︵1807︶ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠯᠥᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠢ ᠣᠷᠱᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠢᠷᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠰᠠᠭᠴᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠨ ︵1864︶ ᠳᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠡᠰᠡᠭ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠰᠢᠲᠦᠭᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠣᠷᠤᠰᠢᠩᠭᠤᠢ ᠣᠷᠤᠨ ᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠥᠯᠥᠭᠡ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠠᠨᠳᠤᠭᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠠᠨᠢᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤ ᠭᠤᠶᠤᠴᠢᠯᠠᠨ ᠵᠥᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠭᠦᠯᠵᠤ ᠨᠡᠮᠡᠭᠦᠷᠦ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠡᠩᠭᠡᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠦᠮ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠤᠯᠪᠠ᠃ 1936 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨᠴᠤᠳ ᠣᠷᠱᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠡᠶᠢᠯᠡᠯᠳᠦᠨ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠠᠶᠢᠯ ᠵᠣᠨ ᠢ ᠰᠠᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠣᠷᠱᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭᠯᠠᠪᠠ᠃ 1946 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠠᠮᠠ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠬᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠮᠥᠨ ᠣᠷᠱᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃⑶ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠢᠴᠡ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠭᠤᠷᠤᠨᠳᠤ ᠠᠩᠬ᠎ᠠ 1910 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠳᠡᠪᠢᠰᠬᠦ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠤᠯᠵᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠳᠦ ᠭᠡᠳᠡᠭ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠠᠳ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠰᠠᠭᠤᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ 1932 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠶᠠᠫᠤᠨᠴᠤᠳ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ ᠢ ᠡᠵᠡᠯᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨᠡᠰᠢ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠭᠠᠵᠠᠷ  ᠤᠨ ᠦᠵᠦᠭᠦᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠷᠣᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠣᠪᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠰᠬᠠᠵᠤ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ  ᠶᠢᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠪᠠ᠃ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠴᠢᠯᠦᠭᠡᠯᠡᠭᠳᠡᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠳᠤᠯᠮᠠᠰᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠩ᠂ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠬᠤ  ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ ᠬᠤᠲᠠ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠳᠤᠷᠢᠳᠤᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠡᠯᠡᠯᠴᠡᠭᠡᠷ ᠬᠢᠵᠦ ᠮᠠᠨᠵᠤᠤᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠴᠡ ᠶᠢ ᠳᠠᠬᠢᠨ ᠤᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠶᠣᠰᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠡᠮᠦᠷ ᠵᠠᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭ ᠪᠣᠯᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠶᠤᠮ᠃⑷ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠢᠴᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠲᠤᠬᠠᠢ ᠨᠠᠶᠢᠷᠠᠯᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠪ ᠤᠨ ᠠᠷᠪᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠲᠣᠭᠲᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠵᠠᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠲᠤ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ᠃ ᠵᠥᠪᠬᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠱᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ᠂ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ  ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠷ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ᠂ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠦᠷᠬᠦ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠤ 18 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ  ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠡᠨᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠰ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ᠂ ᠮᠠᠯ ᠨᠢ ᠶᠡᠭᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠥᠰᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠠᠭᠠᠵᠢᠮ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭ ᠲᠡᠯᠡᠵᠦ᠂ 19 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠬᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨᠰᠢ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠯᠠᠵᠤ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠ᠃ ᠢᠩᠭᠢᠵᠦ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠯᠠᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠡᠯᠲᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ᠣᠨ ︵1824︶ ᠭᠡᠬᠦ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠣᠪᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠰᠬᠠᠨ ᠲᠠᠬᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠪᠠᠷᠤᠭ ᠲᠦᠭᠡᠮᠡᠯ ᠡᠯᠪᠡᠭᠲᠦ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠶᠢᠰᠦᠳᠦᠭᠡᠷ ︵1859︶ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠲᠤᠰ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠰᠦᠮ᠎ᠡ ᠬᠡᠶᠢᠳ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠬᠡᠷᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ ᠰᠢᠯᠵᠢᠭᠦᠯᠵᠦ ᠡᠬᠢᠯᠡᠪᠡ᠃ ᠡᠶᠢᠨᠬᠦ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ 19 ᠳ᠋ᠤᠭᠡᠷ ᠵᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠰᠡᠭᠦᠯᠴᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠡᠷᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠯᠠᠨ ᠢᠳᠡᠭᠡᠰᠢᠪᠡ᠃ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠥ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ︵1897︶ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ︽ᠬᠥᠯᠥᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠡᠶᠢᠷᠡᠨ ᠵᠠᠩᠭᠢᠨ ᠶᠠᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠡᠪᠲᠡᠷᠯᠡᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠭᠡᠭᠦᠯᠦᠭᠰᠡᠨ ᠨᠣᠣᠷᠠᠭ︾ ᠲᠤ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠨᠤᠲᠤᠭᠯᠠᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭ ᠢ ︽ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠳᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠬᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠤᠷᠱᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠰᠢᠪᠠᠷᠲᠤ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭ᠃ ᠬᠦᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ᠂ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠷ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠷ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠡᠷᠦᠯᠦᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠴᠦ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ  ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠱᠤᠨ ᠭᠤᠣᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨᠰᠢ ᠬᠤᠷᠤᠬᠠᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠤᠯᠠᠭ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ︾ ᠭᠡᠵᠡᠢ᠃ ᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯᠲᠤ ᠲᠥᠷᠥ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ︵1907︶ ᠣᠨ ᠤ ︽ᠰᠤ᠋ ᠳ᠋ᠦᠲ᠋ᠦᠩ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠬᠥᠯᠥᠨ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠨᠠᠢᠮᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠡᠯᠳᠡᠪ ᠵᠠᠩ ᠣᠶᠢᠯᠠᠪᠤᠷᠢ ᠶᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ ᠡᠪᠬᠡᠮᠡᠯ︾ ᠳᠤ ︽ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠳᠥᠷᠪᠡᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠵᠠᠭᠠᠭ ᠢ ᠬᠤᠶᠢᠲᠤ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠰᠢᠷᠠᠴᠢᠨ ᠠᠭᠤᠯᠠ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠡᠮᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠪᠣᠶᠢᠷ ᠨᠠᠭᠤᠷ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ᠂ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠷᠱᠤᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠲᠠᠯ᠎ᠠ ᠨᠢ ᠬᠠᠯᠬ᠎ᠠ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠵᠠᠯᠭᠠᠬᠤ ᠬᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠯ ᠬᠦᠷᠦᠨ᠎ᠡ︾ ᠭᠡᠰᠡᠨ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃⒊ ᠠᠯᠪᠠᠨ ᠲᠤᠰᠢᠶᠠᠯᠲᠠᠳ⑴ ᠴᠢᠩ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ① ᠴᠡᠷᠡᠩ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠶᠡᠬᠡᠵᠣᠩ ᠣᠪᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠰᠤᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ᠃ 1734 — 1757 ᠣᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃② ᠪᠠᠽᠠᠷ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠦᠵᠦᠨ ᠣᠪᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠲᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ᠂ 1757 — 1771 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃③ ᠪᠠᠬᠢᠶ᠎ᠡ ︵ᠪᠠᠬᠢ︶ 1771 ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 1791 ᠣᠨ ᠬᠦᠷᠲᠡᠯ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃④ ᠡᠷᠱᠠᠪᠤᠤ ︵ᠠᠷᠠᠱᠠᠪᠤᠤ︶ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ᠂ 1791 — 1805 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃⑤ ᠪᠠᠯᠳᠠᠨᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢ 1805 — 1822 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃⑥ ᠯᠾᠸᠡᠨᠰᠣᠨᠣᠮ᠂ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠵᠡᠭᠦᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ᠂ 1822 ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 1830 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ  ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃⑦ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠭᠵᠠᠪ 1830 ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 1858 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃⑧ ᠭᠡᠨᠢᠨᠴᠢᠮᠢᠳ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠦᠢᠴᠡᠯᠢᠭ ᠣᠪᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠲᠡᠷᠢᠭᠦᠨ ᠰᠤᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ᠂ 1858 ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 1869 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠬᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃⑨ ᠮᠠᠨᠢᠪᠠᠳᠠᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ᠂ 1869 ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 1874 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃⑩ ᠮᠥᠩᠬᠡᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢ 1877 ᠣᠨ ᠤ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠠᠯᠢ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠪᠣᠯᠬᠤ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠳᠤᠬᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠲᠣᠳᠤᠷᠬᠠᠢ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠨ᠎ᠠ᠃     ᠰᠠᠰᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠩ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ᠂ 1874 ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 1880 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃     ᠤᠰᠤᠨᠪᠠᠯᠢᠩ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠪᠠᠵᠢᠩᠳᠠᠷ ᠣᠪᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ᠂ 1880 — 1884 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃     ᠰᠧᠭᠡᠵᠡ ᠲᠠᠪᠤᠨᠠᠩ ᠣᠪᠤᠭ ᠲᠠᠢ᠂ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ᠂ 1884 — 1890 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃     ᠵᠠᠮᠰᠦ᠋ᠷᠦᠩᠳᠣᠷᠵᠢ ᠪᠣᠯᠪᠠᠰᠤ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠤᠯᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠶᠠᠳᠤᠭᠠᠷ ᠰᠤᠮᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ᠂ 1890 ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 1911 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃⑵ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠᠳᠤ ᠢᠷᠭᠡᠨ ᠤᠯᠤᠰ ᠤᠨ ᠦᠶ᠎ᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠤᠶᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ① ᠬᠠᠯᠲᠠᠷ ᠤᠨ ᠴᠢᠪᠰᠡᠩᠭᠡ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ᠂ 1911 ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 1929 ᠣᠨ  ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃② ᠴᠡᠴᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠠᠭᠠᠪᠠᠳᠢ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ᠂ 1929 ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 1934 ᠣᠨ  ᠳᠤ ᠪᠦᠭᠦᠳᠡ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ 1934 ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 1936 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠰᠢᠨ᠎ᠡ ᠪᠠᠷᠭᠤ ᠪᠠᠷᠠᠭᠤᠨ ᠭᠠᠷᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃ ᠬᠠᠷᠢᠨ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠪᠦᠷ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠳᠠ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠴᠢᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠯᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠳᠠᠭᠤᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠭᠠᠷ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃③ ᠴᠡᠪᠡᠭ ᠤᠨ ᠪᠢᠮᠪᠠ᠂ ᠬᠥᠪᠡᠭᠡᠲᠦ ᠬᠥᠬᠡ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ᠂ 1936 ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 1937 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠥᠭᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠡᠷ᠎ᠡ ᠨᠢ ᠵᠢᠮᠪᠡ᠂ ᠠᠷᠠᠳ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠳᠤᠮᠳᠠ ︽ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠤᠭᠤᠷᠳᠠ︾ ᠬᠡᠮᠡᠬᠦ ᠪᠦᠯᠦᠭᠡ᠃④ ᠨᠣᠮᠤᠨᠳᠠᠯᠠᠢ ᠶᠢᠨ ᠱᠠᠨᠵᠢᠮᠢᠳᠤᠪ᠂ ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ᠂ 1937 ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 1942 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠪᠠ᠃⑤ ᠵᠠᠮᠢᠶᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠭᠤᠩᠭᠤᠷᠵᠠᠪ᠂  ᠰᠢᠯᠤᠭᠤᠨ ᠰᠢᠷ᠎ᠠ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ᠂ 1943 ᠣᠨ ᠠᠴᠠ 1946 ᠣᠨ ᠳᠤ ᠬᠤᠰᠢᠭᠤ ᠳᠠᠷᠤᠭ᠎ᠠ ᠪᠠᠶᠢᠵᠠᠢ᠃ ᠭᠤᠷᠪᠠ᠂ ᠬᠠᠯᠠ ᠣᠪᠤᠭ᠂ ᠬᠥᠮᠥᠨ ᠠᠮᠠ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠦᠨᠳᠦᠰᠦᠲᠡᠨ ᠨᠢ ᠣᠯᠠᠨ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠲᠠᠨ ᠢᠶᠠᠷ ᠪᠦᠷᠢᠯᠳᠦᠵᠦ᠂ ᠠᠶᠢᠮᠠᠭ ᠶᠠᠰᠤᠲᠠᠨ ᠨᠢ
  
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2014-2015 ©  ᠦᠪᠦᠷ ᠮᠣᠩᠭᠤᠯ ᠤᠨ ᠮᠦᠩᠭᠡᠭᠠᠯ ᠰᠣᠹᠲ ᠤᠨ ᠬᠤᠪᠢᠴᠠᠭᠠᠨ ᠤ ᠬᠢᠵᠠᠭᠠᠷᠲᠦ ᠺᠣᠮᠫᠠᠨᠢ ᠪᠦᠬᠦ ᠵᠦᠢᠯ ᠬᠠᠤᠯᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠮᠠᠭᠠᠯᠠᠭᠳᠠᠭᠰᠠᠨ᠂ ᠵᠦᠪᠰᠢᠶᠡᠷᠡᠯ ᠦᠭᠡᠢ ᠪᠠᠷ ᠬᠠᠭᠤᠯᠪᠤᠷᠢᠯᠠᠬᠤ ᠶᠢ ᠡᠷᠡᠰ ᠬᠤᠷᠢᠭᠯᠠᠨ᠎ᠠ 蒙ICP备05070829号